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Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 61
13. MESSAGE TRANSFERS
13.1 Downloading Messages
ZCOMM is flexible capturing output from other systems. The trick is
to make the remote send the information without too much
embellishment.
When downloading files without a file transfer protocol, set the
timesharing system to send tabs as tab characters without expanding
them to spaces. Turn off fill characters. These extra characters
waste time and money and ZCOMM doesn't need them. ZCOMM's s and S
modes can be used to strip control characters and escape sequences
from the capture download.
EXAMPLE: t -s file
If the remote system responds to XOFF and XON, E mode (Error
Containment(TM)) may be used to minimize information loss caused by
line hits. The E mode may be enabled to allow Error Containment(TM)
to reduce the number of characters garbled by "line hits".
EXAMPLE: t -E7e file1 uses Error Containment to download file1 from a
system using 7 bits even parity. Error Containment works best when
even or odd parity is available.
SEE ALSO: E, j, S, s modes
13.1.1 XON/XOFF Files of arbitrary length may be transferred if the
remote supports flow control with the ASCII XOFF and XON control
characters. Output from most timesharing services may be captured to
a file using this method.
To download a file with XON/XOFF flow control: t file1
13.1.2 DC2/DC4 (^R/^T) Some bulletin boards support file downloads
by issuing a DC2 to open a capture buffer, sending the file, and
terminating the capture with DC4. ZCOMM does not support this
"protocol" directly. The review t and b commands can be used to strip
excess characters from the circular buffer before writing the file to
disk.
This "protocol" can be implemented with Turbodial(TM) script commands:
EXAMPLE: pat 1c "\022" "@kill; create capture.fil"
pat 2c "\024" "close"
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 13 Message Transfers
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 62
13.1.3 Data Dump Sometimes no flow control is available. The fget *
command allows ZCOMM to accept a continuous stream of data at a
maximum data rate determined by the hardware and software environment.
With a hard disk, excellent results have been obtained with a 4.77 mHz
PC accepting graphics dumps at 9600 bps.
EXAMPLE: fget file1
At slower speeds or with a fast computer, the term function j mode*
may be used for nonstop file capture.
EXAMPLE: t -j file1
The fget command does not provide a progress display. While this
allows the fastest possible data capture (38kb on a suitable
computer), sometimes there is no handy way to monitor the flow of
data. The term function I (super-image) mode may be used to capture a
binary file, provided CRT emulation is disabled with a display dumb
command or enabling v mode.
EXAMPLE: display dumb; t -Ij file1
The fax directory entry in PHONES2.T gives another example of how
ZCOMM's data capture modes may be used to capture binary data.
13.2 Uploading Messages
It is often possible to upload files using the f command with one or
more modes (such as w or p, possibly in combination with t).
Message uploads are more reliable if you set enab flow when connecting
through Telenet. If using Tymnet, type ^R^X just before the host
computer name to enable flow control with XOFF and XON. Check with
your network's documentation for further details or updates to this
information.
It often helps to use "half duplex" ( h mode) with the computer echo
disabled when uploading files to the computer. This saves the
computer from wasting precious time echoing characters.
Another tactic is to avoid uncorrected message transfers during peak
hours. Telephone usage peaks during midday with a resulting increase
in noise induced line hits. Timesharing computers and communications
networks are more likely to drop characters due to buffer overloading
during high traffic periods as well.
13.2.1 Paced Some systems accept characters only at a certain rates,
a slow speed for each character and a possible slower speed at the end
of each line. Depending on the particular system, data transfer may
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 13 Message Transfers
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 63
have to pause briefly at the end of the line,[1] or wait for a
particular character to signify readiness to accept the next line.
There may be an additional delay after that[2] before the remote is
able to accept more data.
EXAMPLE: f -p file1 uploads file1 with a wait for the linefeed echo at
the end of each transmitted line.
EXAMPLE: pg63; f -p file1 Sets the prompt character to decimal 63
("?") and sends the file with a wait for "?" after each transmitted
line.
As with the fpute command, the remote system must be commanded to open
and close the file.
13.2.2 Throttle Another method of slowing message uploads is the
throttle, activated by t mode. Throttle artificially slows Zcomm's
character transmission to allow more time for the receiving system to
digest each character. The speed of transmission with t mode is
controlled by the t numeric parameter.
EXAMPLE: f -t secret.msg
Really slow systems may require both throttle and pacing to send data
efficiently without loss.
EXAMPLE: f -tp turkey.slo
13.2.3 Uploading to IBM Mainframes Text files can be uploaded to IBM
mainframes using the P (upper case) mode. When the P mode is
activated, ZCOMM will wait for an XON (^Q) after sending each line.
In this special mode, ZCOMM will not time out waiting for the XON, no
matter how long it takes for the IBM front end to send it. If, for
some reason, the front end fails to send the XON, (or if it is garbled
in transmission), Ctrl-Q may be keyboarded.
EXAMPLE: f -P file1
SEE ALSO: P mode, Kermit protocol
__________
1. Controlled by the p numeric parameter
2. Controlled by the q numeric parameter
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 13 Message Transfers
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 64
13.2.4 Uploading Messages to Bulletin Boards The greatest file
transfer challenge is to upload a file to a bulletin board message
system running on a tiny microcomputer. Bulletin board message
systems have a rich variety of operating sequences and timing
dependencies matched only by the proliferation of incompatible
dialects of Basic and Pascal.
Message upload from files to bulletin boards reduces connect time and
$welling of the Phone Bill. Unattended message transfer saves the
user's time, especially if the board is difficult to access.
The t, p and w modes and the g, p, t, and q numeric parameters allow
disk files to be uploaded to such systems.
The basic program cbbsck.bas may be used (perhaps with modifications)
to check that a message file does not violate the restrictions of the
message system being uploaded to. A C version is also available.
EXAMPLE: f -pt file1
13.2.5 Uploading to CompuServe SIGS A file may be uploaded to a
CompuServe SIG (Special Interest Group) editor with p mode and the g
numeric parameter set to colon. When the file has been transferred,
hit ENTER to send a blank line to terminate message entry.
EXAMPLE: set eolstr "\r."; pp1000; pg58; f -p FILE Is useful for
uploading a prepared message to Compuserve's bulletin boards. This
setting for eolstr inserts a period after each line to prevent the
Compuserve software from reformatting the message.
EXAMPLE: pp1000, pg58, and f -p FILE transmits FILE waiting for the
prompt character ":" before sending each line after the first.
An alternative is to set the SIG "FIL" option, which calls the EDIT
editor. The cisupl script file referenced by phones2.t uses the SIG
"FIL" editor option.
Compuserve nodes often drop characters when files are uploaded at full
speed in full duplex. This can be avoided by using h mode (local
echo) and turning off Compuserve's echo.
13.3 Fpute
Text files can often be uploaded reasonably efficiently using the
fpute command.* Fpute waits for an echo to each character sent to the
remote. Fpute provides modest throughput without loss of data for
systems with terminal ports designed for keyboard data entry. The
maximum speed with fpute is limited to about 1/3 the normal character
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 13 Message Transfers
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 65
rate by echo delays. There is no error correction with fpute. If
possible, TABS should be set to echo as TAB characters and not as
spaces. Before the fpute command is given, the remote system must be
instructed to enter data from the "terminal" to a file. After the
file has been sent, the remote system must be instructed to close the
file.
EXAMPLE: fpute file1
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 13 Flow Control
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 66
14. FLOW CONTROL
Flow control is sometimes necessary for displaying long messages and
file transfer protocols that use long blocks or streaming. If you see
pieces of text missing from messages but don't see the usual funny
characters caused by line noise, suspect a flow control problem. With
ZMODEM and other streaming protocols, inexplicable retransmissions of
data blocks, often at regular intervals, indicate flow control
failure.
When using error correcting modems and/or packet switched networks,
including "PC Pursuit", flow control regulates the speed of data
transmission to the network's capabilities, preventing loss of data.
To keep things simple, the sending computer should not operate at a
higher interface speed than the slowest link in the network. When
this guideline is not met, subtle precautions must be taken for best
results with interactive operations and streaming file transfer
protcols.
ZCOMM, ZCOMM, and DSZ default to software flow control with XON and
XOFF characters. When used with modems that require hardware flow
control, the handshake command (q.v.) should be used to specify which
hardware lines are to be used for flow control.
Non transparent software flow control is incompatible with XMODEM and
YMODEM transfers. XMODEM and YMODEM require complete transparency to
all 256 8 bit codes. An XMODEM transfer that always fails at the same
block results from non transparent flow control. When XMODEM-1k and
YMODEM-1k are used, the network must assert flow control, or handle
bursts of 1040 characters without data loss. When X.25 or hardware
CTS is unavailable, flow control that does not "eat" any characters
may be used with XMODEM and YMODEM. When buffers fill up, an XOFF
should be emitted. An XON should be sent when the buffer has emptied.
Otherwise, the network should neither generate nor eat XON or XOFF
characters.
On Telenet, this is obtained by setting CCIT X3 5:1 and 12:1 in the
PADs (Packet Assembler Dissassembler) at both ends of the network.
Packets should be forwarded when the packet is a full 128 bytes, or
after a moderate delay (3:0,4:10).
With PC-Pursuit, one may set parameter 5 to 1 at both ends AFTER one
is connected to the remote modem. (Sorry, these commands must be
given each time you connect to a modem in the far city!)
<ENTER>@<ENTER>
set 5:1<ENTER>
rst? 5:1<ENTER>
cont<ENTER> ZMODEM and Kermit protect all 4 XOFF and XON
characters, commonly used network control characters and trigger
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 14 Flow Control
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 67
strings. ZMODEM and Kermit are compatible with many networks that do
not support XMODEM family protocols, including some that claim network
compatibility. For PADs that do not accept "rst?", use:
<ENTER>@<ENTER>
set 4:2,5:1,12:1<ENTER>
cont<ENTER>
For best Telenet download throughput, parameter 64 (advance ACK)
should be set to 7. The parameter 0 is a dummy argument that
distinguishes Telenet parameters from CCIT parameters.
<ENTER>@<ENTER>
set 0:0,64:7<ENTER>
cont<ENTER>
Sometimes Telenet flow control stops data transmission when the
network buffers are not yet full. If you often see "STOPPED" flashing
in the status line (DOS versions), or if you see the modem send data
light pause in a ZMODEM or SuperKermit file send, poor flow control
may be the culprit. Such slowdowns are typical when a network is
overloaded. If this condition persists, the network should take steps
to reduce the congestion. Turning OFF network flow control and
activating ZMODEM's or SuperKermit's protocol flow control may
increase throughput under these conditions.
Instead of or in addition to XON/XOFF flow control, the sending
program's ZMODEM w numeric parameter can restrict the window size to a
value that does not overload the network. A zmodem pw2048 command
restricts the window size (maximum number of bytes in transit) to
2048. This causes the sz command to trigger the receiver's
acknowledgement every 512 bytes (one fourth the value of the ZMODEM w
numeric parameter). The sender monitors these responses and suspends
transmission when necessary to restrict the window to the specified
size. Until a network dependent lower limit is reached, lower window
sizes improve the speed of error recovery at the expense of slight
increases in protocol overhead. When the window size becomes less
than the number of characters sent within the network's transit time,
throughput falls off rapidly.
Frequent protocol acknowledgements slow down high speed psuedo full
duplex modems and should be avoided.
Some modems and networks can be configured to flush (discard the
contents of) their buffers when a break signal is received. If this
is possible, error recovery with ZMODEM transfers may be speeded up by
setting the ZMODEM b parameter to 1, which sends a break whenever the
ZMODEM sending program receives a retransmission request.
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 14 Flow Control
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 68
Network and Flow Control (FC) Compatibility
______________________________________________________________________
| Network | Interactive | XMODEM | WXMODEM | S-KERMIT | ZMODEM |
|________________|_____________|________|_________|__________|________|
|No Network | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
|8 bit, no FC | NO | YES | YES | YES(1) | YES(1) |
|Transparent FC | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
|Non Transparent | YES | NO | NO | YES | YES |
|7 bit | YES | NO | NO | YES | NO |
|________________|_____________|________|_________|__________|________|
(1) Window size must be restricted to avoid buffer overrun if the
network cannot transfer data at full speed. Got ZRPOS indicates the
receiving program has detected a transmission error and has requested
retransmission. In other words, ZMODEM is doing its job of detecting
and correcting missing and garbled data. If this happens more often
than observed line errors would indicate is reasonable, there may be a
flow control problem in one of four areas:
+ Between the sending program and its modem. If using an interface
speed higher than the transmission speed, or modem to modem error
correction (MNP, LAPB, PEP, etc.), check that the modem and the
sending program are configured for the same flow control methods.
Omen Technology's software is faster than most other programs, and
may expose flow control problems not seen with slower software.
+ Between the sending modem and the network. Correcting this
requires "handshake both" to allow the sending program to honor
both hardware (CTS) flow control from the modem and software flow
control (XON/XOFF) from the network.
+ Between parts of the network.
+ Between the receiving modem and the receiving program. This can
happen at high transmission speeds when the receiver has specified
a large I/O buffer size with the B numeric parameter.
Excessive interrupt latency from extended memory ramdisks or disk
caches, and poorly written hard disk drivers also wreak havoc on
streaming protocols but do not affect start-stop protocols
(XMODEM, etc.).
To correct these problems, give the "handshake slow" command to
the receiver.
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 14 Running ZCOMM
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 69
15. RUNNING ZCOMM
Before running ZCOMM, the keyboard Caps Lock should be turned off.
ZCOMM commands and most arguments must be entered in lower case.
ZCOMM is called from DOS as ZCOMM [DPORT=n] [command ...]
DPORT=n is an optional override to the initial default comm port. If
another program is using the default comm port, ZCOMM must be told to
use another or interference will result.
Command may be any desired combination of ZCOMM commands. Command
line arguments to ZCOMM must be in lower case excpet as noted.
EXAMPLE: C>ZCOMM call cissig invokes ZCOMM and executes the commands
in the "cissig" telephone directory entry.
EXAMPLE: C>ZCOMM DPORT=2 call othersys
Selects COM2 before initializing the serial port
15.0.1 DOS Environment Variables ZCOMM searches the DOS Environment
for the following variables:
CBSIZE overrides the default allocation for the circular buffer.** If
memory is limited, the DOS command SET CBSIZE=3000 will leave
more memory for DOS Gateway or other programs. On medium model
DOS flavors, CBSIZE may be set as high as 65500.
DIRRX, DIRSX, DIRCX, DIRFX Contain optional receive (DIRRX), send
(DIRSX), capture (DIRCX), and file (DIRFX) directory presets.
When ZCOMM starts, these environment variables preset the dirrx,
dirsx, dircx, and dirfx string variables respectively.
DIRSIZE controls the number of directory items that may be sorted with
each wildcard. It should be set to 23 * times the desired
number of entries (default = 200). If more directory entries
are encountered, they are processed without sorting.
EXAMPLE: C>set DIRSIZE=8000
DPORT overrides the default modem port (com1) initially accessed by
ZCOMM.
EXAMPLE: C>set DPORT=2
HOTPORT Suppresses the "Warning: Old dport=" message.
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 15 Running ZCOMM
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 70
MODEM Describes the type of modem used by the mm224 script. See
Chapter 7 for details.
EXAMPLE: C>set MODEM=MM224E
PATH must include the directories containing ZCOMM and the help
processor YHP.
PHONES overrides the default pathname used to fetch ZCOMM's telephone
directory. Forward slashes should be used to indicate
directories.
EXAMPLE: C>set PHONES=c:/PHODIR.t
YAMQUIET Inhibits the display and locks the keyboard, preventing ZCOMM
from writing on the screen. * This is useful when calling ZCOMM
from another program.
EXAMPLE: C>set YAMQUIET=1
ZONE sets the z numeric parameter to the number of minutes the
current local time lags GMT time.
EXAMPLE: C>set ZONE=420
SEE ALSO: z numeric parameter
15.0.2 Help Program Environment Variables The flash-up help
processor program YHP examines the environmnet for the NORMATTR,
REVATTR, and UNDLATTR variables. These set help screen parameters for
normal, reverse video, and underline attributes corresponding to the
n,r, and u numeric paramters.
EXAMPLE: C>set NORMATTR=3
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 15 Special Keys
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 71
16. SPECIAL KEYS
Ctrl-Break clears any typeahead, unlocks the keyboard, and stops
whatever function[1] ZCOMM is doing in a reasonably orderly manner.[2]
Ctrl-Break cancels kbdlock. It is not so abrupt as the NUKE key. The
B test condition tests whether Ctrl-Break has been struck since the
last purgek command.
Keyboarding ALT-N will NUKE (abort) the current command and return to
ZCOMM's command prompt.[3] If one or more scripts are active, the
current line number (counting from the first line in the script file)
for each level of script is displayed.* NUKE will terminate any
script. NUKE closes any transmit file, but not a receive capture
file. (A receive capture file may be closed with the "close"
command.) NUKE does not disconnect the modem by dropping DTR.[4]
Keyboarding ALT-Z appends the contents of the display screen to a DOS
file. The pathname is contained in the string parameter picture which
may be changed with the set command. The exact contents of the screen
memory are written to the file, with each screen character followed by
its attribute. A separate program, unpic is used to convert the
screen dump to a normal file that may be printed or displayed.
16.1 Special Keys during Protocol Transfers
Certain keys perform special functions when keyboarded during protocol
file transfers (XMODEM, Kermit, etc.).
F1 Keyboarding F1 causes a protocol timeout and forces a retry.
ALT-A Displays Kermit file transfer status.
ALT-B Cancels the current Kermit or ZMODEM batch transfer.
__________
1. Not necessarily the calling function or script
2. In the term function, Ctrl-Break sends a break to the remote
unless it has been redefined with a set command.
3. Use of this term, popularized in the J.F.K. administration, does
not imply endorsement of preemptive nuclear attacks on innocent
populations.
4. When in host operation waiting for a call, NUKE drops DTR.
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 16 Special Keys
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 72
ALT-C Cancels the ZMODEM or Kermit session.
ALT-F Skips the current ZMODEM or Kermit file transfer.
ALT-Q Keyboarding Alt-Q during a protocol file transfer toggles a flag
that causes ZCOMM to disconnect when the transfer is completed.
This is most useful when downloading a long file. As soon as the
file is transferred, ZCOMM will execute the string parameter
quitcmd (if set) and then disconnect the modem. If keyboarded
during a Host Operation file transfer, ZCOMM will exit Host
Operation at the conclusion of the transfer. The state of the
quit flag is displayed each time ALT-Q is keyboarded.
ALT-S Keyboarding Alt-S displays status information on the console
screen only (even if in Host Operation). The pattern number of
the last successful search (-1 if no match), the active search
patterns (if any), and the line numbers of the active scripts (if
any) are displayed to aid script debugging.
ALT-V Keyboarding ALT-V will toggle the view option affecting the rb,
rc, rz, sb, sc, sx, and sz commands, and data transfers using the
Compuserve B protocol.
ASCII Keyboarding a normal ASCII character (in the range of 00 to 7F)
will send that character to the modem. This may be used for
protocol testing, or to terminate a modem's autodial handshake
without terminating ZCOMM's call retry count.
Ctrl-X All ZMODEM and many YMODEM and XMODEM protocol programs
recognize a dozen successive Ctrl-X characters as a session abort
command. If the remote computer appears to be "stuck" in a YMODEM
or ZMODEM transfer, keyboard ten Ctrl-X characters to abort the
protocol transfer.
During a protocol transfer, normal keys are sent to the modem when
Zcomm is waiting for or receiving a packet. This may be used to
reissue a file transfer command to the other computer if it becomes
apparent the original command was not accepted.
Other uses for this pass thru capability include protocol testing.
16.2 Local Editing Keys
Emacs style character editing reduces the number of keystrokes needed
to enter and edit commands and strings. Normally, the cursor is at
the end of the line of text being keyboarded. Printing characters
insert themselves at the cursor location. The <ENTER> key enters the
entire line of text.
Editing keys are:
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 16 Local Editing Keys
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 73
Left, Ctrl-B moves the cursor to the left
Right, Ctrl-F moves the cursor to the right
Ctrl-Left cursor WORD left
Ctrl-Right cursor WORD right"
Ctrl-A cursor to beginning of line
Ctrl-E cursor to end of line
Del, Ctrl-D delete character at cursor
Backspace delete character to left of cursor
Ctrl-W delete word to left of cursor
Ctrl-K delete to end of line
Ctrl-R refresh (redisplay) the line
Ctrl-X delete entire line
Down, Ctrl-N next history line
Up, Ctrl-P previous history line
Ctrl-U Argument Count (not available in term function)
An initial Ctrl-U sets an argument count of 4. Successive Ctrl-U
characters multiply the argument count by 4. A decimal number may be
entered after Ctrl-U, and this number becomes the argument count.
EXAMPLE: ^U^U Left moves the cursor 16 left
EXAMPLE: ^U5X inserts 5 "X" characters
EXAMPLE: ^U5^U? inserts 20 "?" characters.
Unix/Xenix flavors do not support Emacs style editing in the term
function.
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 16 Main Commands
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 74
17. MAIN COMMANDS
17.1 Main Commands
All commands and arguments must be entered in lower case except where
stated.
You may shorten some commands by typing just the first portion that is
shown in caps. For example, the "break" command may be entered as
"br". Whether or not you abbreviate the command, it must be entered
in lower case.
User defined Soft Keys are executed from the command prompt iff they
do not conflict with the permanent definitions described below.
Except where stated, multiple commands can be written on one line
separated by ; (semicolon). Commands that take a constant number of
arguments do not need a semicolon to delimit the end of the command.
If in doubt, use a semicolon to separate multiple commands.[1]
@ The at sign may be used to indicate a telephone number starting with
the Touch-Tone(TM) A B C D * or # codes or a character escape. If
the phone number contains spaces, it must be enclosed in double
quotes. The leading @ is not sent to the modem.
EXAMPLE: @#*-123-4567 Dials #*-123-4567.
%l-234-567-8901 (%l:letter l) For normal long distance dialing, the
string parameter l (letter l) defaults to "1" (digit 1). To use an
alternative long distance service, set the l string parameter with a
modem command to dial the local access number, wait for the second
dial tone, and transmit the account number.
SEE ALSO: "setsavenet" telephone directory entry
A string of alternate phone numbers may be specified with the "+"
construction shown below.
234-5678 A number given as a command invokes the dial script to
attempt a connection with the specified number. Iff the modem is
currently connected to a remote modem, and the B numeric parameter
is non zero, ZCOMM pulses Data Terminal Ready, terminating the
connection. ZCOMM character escapes may be used within the number
__________
1. A space or two after each semicolon makes scripts easier for
humans to read.
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 17 Main Commands
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 75
string to represent special characters.
EXAMPLE: 234-5678
When carrier is detected, ZCOMM executes the mconnect string (if
set) and proceeds to the next command
One or several alternate phone numbers may be specified by appending
the previous number with +234-5678 for as many alternate numbers as
are desired. When a connection is made, undialed alternates are
forgotten. Alternate phone numbers need not support the same
speeds. A redial count given to the call command repeats the
sequence of alternate numbers.
EXAMPLE: cis speed 2400 239-6124/mnp_s+239-
6126/mnp_s+232-1032/300
This script line attempts a MNP (with software handshake) call to
the first two numbers, then a 300 bps call to the third number if
neither of the first two connected.
Iff no connection is made, script processing at the current level is
terminated.
A number of modifiers are available depending on the type of modem
and the choice of dialing script used. These are described in
Chapter 7.
SEE ALSO: nolog command, calllog string parameter, mcommand string
parameter
a: Change the default disk to a:. ZCOMM then prints the free storage
remaining on the selected disk. The specified disk must be included
in the string parameter disks.
abort Aborts any command or script in progress. Closes all script
files that may be open. Abort returns to the command prompt.
SEE ALSO: quit command
accept[[l]1] stringvar prompt (letter l, digit 1) Scripts often need
to prompt the user for file names and menu choices.
Accept displays Prompt[2] to the user. ZCOMM then reads keyboard
(C) 1988 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 17 Main Commands
Version 17.32 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition
ZCOMM User Manual 76
input into the specified string variable. Backspace and Ctrl-U
perform editing functions. Characters are accepted from the user
until <ENTER> is typed. If the H numeric is non zero, an empty
string is returned if <ENTER> is not typed within the time limit set
by that parameter. Acceptl translates the user's response to lower
case. Acceptl1 returns a 1 character string in lower case after the
single character is keyboarded.
Prompt is processed for string substitution and character escapes.
If the result begins with an ESC character, ZCOMM does not
reposition the cursor before accepting the string. In writing
scripts, it may be useful to save the current screen location with
an escape sequence, then restore it with an escape sequence encoded
in the prompt string.
EXAMPLE: accept s1 File: Displays the prompt File: and reads the
keyboarded response to string parameter s1.
EXAMPLE: acceptl1 s0 "Enter Menu Choice" Reads a single character
from the user, translates it to lower case, and assigns it to s0.
EXAMPLE: accept s0 "\E[20;60H\E[KFile Name: " Places the cursor at
line 20 column 60, clears the rest of the CRT line, displays the
prompt, and accepts input.
EXAMPLE: accept s6 " Your \E[1mFirst\E[0m name please " Uses
boldface video to highlight First as it appears in the prompt.
EXAMPLE: accept s2 "File "; rc %s2 Prompts the user for a file name,
then receives that file with XMODEM/CRC protocol.
EXAMPLE: accept xpassword "\E[mMaster Password: \E[8m"; lput "\E[m"
Uses invisible video (ESC [ 8 m) to allow a password to be entered
without visible echo. The ESC [ m sequences reset the display to
normal (visible).
SEE ALSO: obey command, scripts
______________________________________________________________________
2. Prompt must be enclosed in quotes if it contains spaces.
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ap file1 file2* (Append) Appends the contents of file1 to file2. If
file2 does not exist, it is created. Wildcards are not allowed.
The ap command closes any files that have been opened by the create,
f, open, t or > commands. File1 and file2 are processed for string
parameter substitution.
apd file1 file2* (Append-Delete) Appends the contents of file1 to
file2, then deletes file1. If file2 does not exist, it is created.
If an error is detected writing file2, file1 is not deleted.
Wildcards are not allowed. The apd command closes any files that
have been opened by the create, f, open, t or > commands. File1 and
file2 are processed for string parameter substitution.
EXAMPLE: apd %item Z%item.tmp
bdump outfile Dumps the contents of the modem interrupt input buffer
to outfile. This command is useful for debugging as outfile will
contain the last characters received from the remote regardless of
what ZCOMM commands have been executed. The most recently received
data appears at the end of outfile. This command "tells it as it
is", writing all 8 bits of each character to outfile. If less than
1400 characters have been received from the remote, some of outfile
will consist of nulls or garbage. The bdump command is often used
as a post mortem diagnostic dump after a failed script or file
transfer.
bg Indicates ZCOMM is running in the background with no user at the
keyboard.
SEE ALSO: fg command, df test condition
BReak Sends a 200 millisecond break signal.
NOTE: Some modems do not correctly pass the break signal to the
remote.
SEE ALSO: Ctrl-Break key, break string parameter, zmodem B numeric
parameter
BROwse pathspec Browse through the files specified in pathspec. If
pathspec is empty, all files are presented. For each matched
pathname, the filename, date, and length of the file are displayed.
The status line displays some of the commands which may be applied
to each file. Chapter 15.4 describes the browse subcommands, which
provide extensive capabilities for individually selected files.
bye Terminate the connection in progress by sending a long space and
then dropping DTR (Data Terminal Ready).[3] After a pause, DTR is
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reasserted to allow the modem to originate or answer another
call.[4]
SEE ALSO: o, off commands
call [-N] name[.path][,modifier] Prepare ZCOMM for a new task and
invoke an entry in the Phone Directory.
The 7, A, a, b, C, c, E, e, g, H, h, i, j, n, o, P, p, q, r, S, s,
t, u, v, w, X, x, Z, and z modes are reset. The d mode is set. The
e, f, g, k, m, p, q, t, w, Kermit 8, zmodem C, e, l, L, p, t, T, w,
and W parameters are reset to their default values. The search
patterns are erased. Permanent string parameters set with the set
_svar command are set to empty.
If path has been specified, it is searched for a line beginning with
name. Otherwise, ZCOMM searches the telephone directory. An
optional modifier (string with a leading comma), if specified, is
not used in the directory search.
If the search is successful, the entire directory entry name is
copied to the remote string parameter. The complete argument
entered on the command line is stored in the args string parameter
visible to the called script. If the script has a READ ONLY
attribute, ZCOMM is unrestricted during execution of the script.
ZCOMM then executes the commands on the rest of the line (if any),
and on succeeding lines beginning with a space or tab. If the v
numeric parameter is greater than zero, each command from the file
is displayed on the screen before it is executed.
It is not necessary to type the entire name as it appears in the
telephone directory, as ZCOMM will find the first entry that name is
a prefix of. Iff name is empty, execution begins with the first
line of path.
EXAMPLE: call cis1200
call cis1
call cis.C:/newscript
EXAMPLE: call genie,upl Invokes the genie telephone
directory entry with the modifier ,upl available to the called
______________________________________________________________________
3. The modem must be configured to use Data Terminal Ready (DTR).
4. Most dialing scripts include an initial bye command to make sure
any previous call is disconnected.
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script.
The call command is not limited to making connections. For example,
"call host" in the distribution PHODIR.t file conditions a Hayes
compatible modem to answer incoming calls silently, set parameters,
and activates ZCOMM's host operation.
Most directory entries include a telephone number to dial. If ZCOMM
is used with an autodial modem, the number of retries N (default
none) may be specified.
EXAMPLE: call -40 cbbs-r Attempts 40 retries before giving up.
The interval between retries is set by the i numeric parameter.
EXAMPLE: pi4 Sets the interval between retries to 4 seconds.
Words To the Wise: Abuse of the retry feature by continually calling
busy numbers may incur the wrath of the Telephone Company.
Especially with Message Unit Accounting, Big Brother may be watching
your telecommunications habits. Some long distance services (MCI,
Sprint, AT&T, etc.) charge for unsuccessful calls, especially if the
phone is allowed to ring (or ring busy) for more than a few seconds.
Consult your telephone company about legal limits to the number and
frequency of retries.
Since some computer services will disconnect within a short time if
no login is attempted, you should start communicating as soon as the
modems are connected. ZCOMM sounds the bell after making the
connection if retries have been specified.
The source, gosub and call commands may be nested with up to six
command/phones file descriptors open at once.[5] A label may be the
target of a call command provided the trailing colon is included in
name.
cat pathspec For Unix users, a synonym to the type command (q.v.).
cd [dir] Change to directory dir. If Restricted, dir is checked for a
parent directory ("cd .."), and absolute paths ("cd /src") not
prefixed by the home string parameter. Giving cd without an
argument changes to the directory stored in the home string
parameter.[6] ZCOMM then stores the current directory in the pwd
__________
5. Deep nesting may require a decrease in the circular buffer memory
allocation, see Chapter 14.
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string parameter and displays it unless the v numeric parameter is
less than 0.
EXAMPLE: cd /tmp
NOTE: When operating restricted, the home string parameter must
point to a valid directory in order to enforce the intended
directory path restriction.
SEE ALSO: cdd and pwd commands, home and pwd string parameters
cd D:dir When a disk drive is specified with the cd command, the
current directory on that drive is changed but ZCOMM remains logged
in on the current drive and directory. If Restricted, dir is
checked for a disk drive ("cd b:/foo") not contained in the disks
string parameter.
EXAMPLE: cd D:/tmp
cdd D:dir Change to (log in to) disk D and then to directory dir on
the specified disk. If dir is not specified, the root directory is
assumed. ** This is a shorthand equivalent to a D: command followed
by a chdir dir command.
SEE ALSO: cd command
chat Enter the term function to chat keyboard to keyboard. Characters
typed by either keyboard are echoed to both ends, and RETURNS echo
as RETURN/LINEFEED. Chat will become hostile if the other end also
echoes characters. (Try it sometime on a timesharing system; it's
fun.) In Host Operation, chat exits if the caller types Ctrl-Z.
chek pathspec Print the "chek" CRC-16 and character count for the
specified files. The CRC-16 used is the 16 bit Cyclical Redundancy
Check used by the public domain CHEK.COM program. The chek command
verifies the identity of two (or more) copies of a file. Iff the
lengths and CRC-16's of two files are the same, the files are almost
certainly identical. Comparing files with the chek command is
faster than transmitting a second copy for character by character
comparisons.
EXAMPLE: chek *.c
______________________________________________________________________
6. The home parameter is set to the current directory when ZCOMM is
invoked, but may be changed with the set command.
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HINT: To generate a file containing the CRC's of the files in the
current directory:
>chek.lst
chek *.*
close
After the files are copied, run the commands above (with a different
file name), then compare the two files with DIF.EXE to detect any
that have changed.
SEE ALSO: crc, sum, wc commands
Source for a public domain Unix version of CHEK is available.
close Writes the contents of the circular buffer iff a receive file is
open, then closes the receive and transmit files. ZCOMM complains
if no files were open.
SEE ALSO: nolog command
closerx Iff a receive file is open, writes the circular buffer then
closes the receive file.
SEE ALSO: nolog command
closetx Closes the transmit file, if it is open.
SEE ALSO: nolog command
cl Clears the screen.
cls Resets display modes and clears the screen.
CONFerence Enters the term function with a 1 line window for composing
commands and text. Chapter 19.5 gives details.
crc pathspec Print the CRC-32 and character count for the specified
files. The crc command verifies the identity of two (or more)
copies of a file. Iff the lengths and CRC-32's of two files are the
same, the files are almost certainly identical. Comparing files
with the crc command is faster than transmitting a second copy for
character by character comparisons.
EXAMPLE: "crc", "crc *.c"
SEE ALSO: chek, sum, wc commands
Source for a public domain Unix/DOS version of CRC is available.
The crc command is available with flavors of ZCOMM with ZMODEM.
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create [-modes] outfile If a receive capture file is open as the
result of a create or t filename command, write the circular buffer
and close it. Then create outfile for use with the term function
with modes. The create command is especially useful when you don't
want to enter the term function immediately.
EXAMPLE: create -ys /tmp/cbbs.tmp"[7]
SEE ALSO: > command
createx outfile Similar to the create command, but does not open
outfile if a file with the same pathname already exists. The
resulting error message may be suppressed by setting the v numeric
parameter negative. Scripts may test for success with the r test
condition. The createx command may be used to manage semaphores to
lock resources or work entries used by multiple instances of a
program. The createx command is available on Unix and OS/2 flavors.
SEE ALSO: kill command
del pathspec Delete the specified files. No message is printed if
files could not be deleted. No confirmation is requested for
massive deletes.
WARNING: As with all ZCOMM pathspec specifications, a directory name
expands to all files in that directory.
N.B.: Do not attempt to delete an open file on DOS, especially the
history file.
SEE ALSO: browse command
demand password Scripts must often verify a caller's identity by
asking for a password. The ZCOMM password command allows a caller
three chances to enter a given password. Failure results in
disconnection.
Password is processed for character escapes and string
substitutions. All security restrictions on string parameters are
enforced.
If the result is empty, no password is demanded. Otherwise the user
is prompted to enter a string matching password in the correct case.
Keyboard input is not echoed.
__________
7. The y mode overwrites any existing file with the same name. The s
mode strips most control characters from the resulting disk file.
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Three attempts to enter password are allowed. If the password is
not correctly entered, DTR is pulsed to force the modem to
disconnect the caller, and the ? numeric parameter is set negative.
EXAMPLE: demand %password Requires the caller to enter a string
matching the contents of the password string parameter.
dir pathspec Display pathnames matching pathspec alphabetized across
the page. Wildcard filename expansions are alphabetical.
EXAMPLE: dir
EXAMPLE: dir y*.c *.h
dirr pathspec Displays the directory with length and creation date of
each file. dirr displays the number of files matched, number of
blocks, number of kb in those files, and estimated transmission time
at the current transmission speed assuming the fastest protocol
available (ZMODEM or YMODEM-g). XMODEM and Kermit transfers take
longer than the displayed estimates. Wildcard filename expansions
are alphabetical.
dird pathspec Long Form directory, sorted by date.
dirt pathspec Long Form directory, reverse sorted by date.
dirl pathspec Long Form directory, sorted by file length.
dirs pathspec Long Form directory, reverse sorted by file length.
dirx pathspec Long Form directory, sorted by file extension.
DISable{-modes} Disable mode(s) affecting the term function. Chapter
18 describes modes affecting the term function.
EXAMPLE: dis -t Disables throttle (t mode).
display [[no]dismode] ... Without an argument, prints the display
modes. Display modes preceded by NO are turned off. With one or
more arguments, turn on the specified display mode(s). If an
argument is preceded by no, the specified display mode is turned
off. The display modes are:
nlmode Received newlines (linefeed) display as return/linefeed.
bell=visual Instead of sounding on the speaker, bell characters
cause flashing notes to appear on the screen.
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overstrike Overstruck characters are displayed in bold face or
underline (reverse video on CGA) as appropriate.
lsi-adm3a Emulate Lear Siegler ADM3a and Televideo 9xx control
codes.
autowrap The 81st character prints on a new line with possible
scrollup.
stat=off Disables ZCOMM's status line.
warpdrive Provides higher display speed without scrolling flicker,
but causes noise (snow/chromablizzard) with CGA display
adapters.
vt100 Emulate DEC VT-100 and VT-102 display codes and most Teletype
5425 codes. VT-52 and Zenith H-19 codes are the default.
mapkb Allow escape codes from the remote or a file to active
alternate keyboard mapping. The keyboard mapping is defined
with a series of mk commands, such as those contained in the
mk.std (standard keyboard) or mk.101 (101 key extended
keyboard) files. Other mk.XXX files may be provided; the
first few lines of these files indicate the keyboard
configuration they set up. ZCOMM comes initialized with the
mk.std mapping, which requires NumLock to be on.
EXAMPLE: source mk.std Defines a VT100 keyboard mapping for
standard PC and PC-AT keyboards.
The term function keyboard mapping enabled by the mapkb
command may override some ZCOMM functions.
3101 Executes IBM 3101 and TI 940 escape codes.
dumb Only null, bs, tab, cr and lf are executed, all others
display. As in real life, dumb takes precedence over vt100,
vt52, and lsi-adm3a emulation.
inhibit Inhibits the display (nothing prints).
SEE ALSO: Q mode
A display command argument changing the terminal emulation (vt100,
lsi-adm3a, 3101, dumb) disables nlmode and overstrike.
display nlmode nobell=visual Turns on nlmode display mode and turns
off the visual bell.
EXAMPLE: display vt100 Enables VT100/VT102 emulation used by many
computer systems.
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dump pathspec Dump the named files in a side by side hex/ASCII format,
similar to the CP/M users' group DUMP program. The ending character
number is also displayed. Zero length files are not displayed.
echo[c|f] string Echo a line containing a single argument string in
reverse video. Tabs should not be used with the echo command. The
echoc command also echoes its argument to the capture file (if
open), without reverse video. The echof command echoes its argument
to the capture file only.
EXAMPLE: echoc "File not Accepted" Outputs a line to the screen and
to the capture file.
EXAMPLE: echo "Dave, This conversation can serve no further
purpose." Displays a line on the screen only.
SEE ALSO: lput command, r numeric parameter, character escapes
egrep[m] regular-expression pathspec ** Display lines in the specified
files matching regular-expression. Regular Expressions are
discussed in Chapter 23.
The egrepm command finds a line matching regular-expression in each
of the specified files, and then pages through the file beginning
with the matched line. At the end of each screen, ZCOMM accepts the
same subcommands used with the findm command.
EXAMPLE: egrep "^Subject:" *.* Displays all lines that begin with
"Subject:".
SEE ALSO: findmore command
The egrep implementation does not strip the trailing CR/LF from
lines read from the disk. This affects use of the $ regular
expression magic character. When using the $ magic character, the
CR/LF at the end of normal lines must be represented as "..$".
egrepq regular-expression pathspec ** Silently searches the specified
files for the first line matching regular-expression. Upon a
successful search, the contents of this line are stored in the z0
string variable and the ? numeric parameter is incremented. The
egrepq command is useful for fetching password information from a
disk file.
SEE ALSO: obey command, findq command
else Execute the command(s) on the rest of the line if the last if
test performed on the current script level was false.
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NOTE: While else statements in programming languages are connected
to a particular if statement according to syntax, the connection in
ZCOMM is to the last if statement executed on the level, regardless
of goto's.
ENAble {-modes} Enable mode(s) affecting the term function. Chapter
18 describes modes affecting the term function.
EXAMPLE: ena -h Enables half-duplex (local echo) Half-duplex mode
causes the term function to display keyboarded characters.
estimate length [speed] Use the specified length and optional
specified effective speed for the next receive file to be created.
A length of 0 bypasses the length substitution. Once a speed (in
effective bits per second) is given, it is used for all locally
displayed transmission time calculations until the next speed or
port command.
EXAMPLE: "estimate z2" Uses the file length stored in string
variable z2 in calculating the transmission time estimate for the
next received file.
EXAMPLE: "speed 19200; estimate 0 2400" Use an effective
transmission speed of 2400 for transmission time estimates instead
of the 19200 bps interface speed.
EXPand sourcefile pathspec ** For each pathname in pathspec, execute
the commands in sourcefile with the string parameter item set to the
current pathname. The commands in sourcefile must not themselves
contain wildcards (* or ?) or directory pathnames. If no files
match pathspec, sourcefile is not executed. If the script executed
has a READ ONLY attribute, ZCOMM is unrestricted during execution of
the script.
EXAMPLE: expand plxupl 001* Executes the script plxupl once for each
file matching the wild card specification 001*.
EXAMPLE: expand a *.arc where the file a contains:
obey "!pkxarc -v %item >> arclist"
lists the contents of all .arc files to arclist.
Chapter 99 explains the use of this command in more detail.
f [-modes] file The f (think of "file") command initiates transmission
of file with the term function. One or more term function modes
(described in Chapter 18) may be enabled with the optional modes
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flag.
If q (TWX) mode is enabled, transmission pauses until the called
system's answerback restarts it with an XON, or until g mode is set.
Otherwise, any XOFF induced transmission pause is reset.
Once the file has been opened with the f command, X mode or
keyboarding F1 or ALT-X will exit the term function with file
incompletely transmitted. The rest of the file may be transmitted
by the t, F2, or wait commands.
EXAMPLE: f -px message Uploads message paced by the p mode, which
sends a carriage return and pauses at the end of each transmitted
line until the remote responds with the prompt character (default
line feed). The x mode makes the term function return to the script
after the file has been transmitted.
EXAMPLE: set eolstr "\r."; pp1000; pg58; f -p file Is useful for
uploading a prepared message to a CompuServe bulletin boards using
the "SIG" editor (not FILGE). The eolstr setting inserts a period
after each line to prevent the CompuServe software from reformatting
the message. Pp10000 Sets the pause timeout to a long time. Pg58
Sets the prompt character to ":". f -p file Transmits the file.
SEE ALSO: b, g, p, r, n, t, w, x, X modes, eolstr string parameter,
t and wait commands
fail Terminate the current expand command, otherwise return from the
current script level with failure status.
If called directly by another level of script, that level is
terminated.
The fail command also causes the term function to exit, to allow a
function key to be programmed with a macro that exits the term
function.
If called implicitly by a number presented for dialing, fail
terminates the current dialing attempt. If no retries are left, the
call is abandoned.
fg Indicates ZCOMM is running in the foreground with a user at the
keyboard.
SEE ALSO: bg command, df test condition
fget outfile * Gets 8 bit raw data from the modem to outfile without
any protocol. No data is displayed on the screen. Keyboarding F1
terminates recording; any other keyboarded character is sent to the
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remote. Iff the g numeric parameter is set to to some value other
than its default of 10 (line feed), the fget command terminates upon
reading and storing a character matching the g numeric parameter.
The fget command also terminates recording on loss of carrier detect
signal.
This command can be used when the flow of data from the remote
cannot be regulated. The maximum rate attainable without loss of
data is limited by the maximum interrupt latency of the operating
system and active device drivers. The time required to write a 512
character buffer to disk may also limit the maximum average data
rate. Each 512 character block must be written before the modem
interrupt input buffer overflows with new data. If the startup time
for a floppy disk is excessive, better results will be obtained
writing to a hard disk or ramdisk[8] if a suitable device is
available. Tests with an IBM Personal Computer, DOS 2.1, and a
Maynard Electronics hard disk suggest that no characters are lost at
9600 baud. (Your results will vary depending on your configuration
and programming habits. California estimates lower.)
EXAMPLE: fget rawdata
find string pathspec Find and display lines containing matches to
string in the specified files. Lower case characters in string
match either case; upper case characters in string match upper case
characters only. If string contains spaces, tabs, or semicolon, it
must be enclosed by double quote characters. ZCOMM C style escapes
may be used to represent control characters and string parameters to
be searched for. Assuming normal DOS files (with CR/LF at the end
of each line), a \n at the beginning of string forces a match to the
beginning of a line. A \r at the end of string (\n if the file(s)
have no returns in them) forces a match at the end of the line.
The file name being searched and its length are displayed in the
status line. For each line that contains a match to string, the
file name (if more than one file), line number, and the text of the
line are displayed.
EXAMPLE: find count *.c Finds all occurrences of count or COUNT in
the named files.
SEE ALSO: egrep command
__________
8. See comments on Extended Memory ramdisks in Chapter 26.
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FINDMore string pathspec Findmore finds a line matching string in each
of the specified files, and then pages through the file beginning
with the matched line. Otherwise, it is similar to the find
command. When the screen is filled up, the prompt More? appears.
Typing space displays another screenfull. Typing n skips to the
next instance of string that has not yet been displayed. Typing ^Q
or ^S displays one more character from the file. Typing ^X skips to
the next file.
SEE ALSO: egrepm, page commands
findq string pathspec Silently searches the specified files for the
first line matching string. The processing of string is identical
to the find command described above. Upon a successful search, the
contents of this line are stored in the z0 string variable and the ?
numeric parameter is incremented. The findq command is useful for
fetching password information from a disk file.
SEE ALSO: egrepq command
finish Terminates Kermit server operation on the remote system.
fput file * Puts data from file to the remote at maximum speed without
any protocol. After each 512 characters, the number of characters
transmitted is displayed in the status line, and the keyboard is
polled. Any key will abort the transfer. This is the fastest way
ZCOMM can transmit characters to the modem, with possible peak
speeds greater than 19kb. This command is useful for testing RS232
peripherals at high peak rates such as 56 kilobaud.
EXAMPLE: fput datafile
fpute file * Echoplex transmit a file to the remote, waiting for the
correct echo to each character transmitted (for Throttle/10
seconds). The echoed character is sent to the CRT screen. If fpute
receives a space as an echo to a tab, fpute waits for the spaces to
stop echoing for at least 100 milliseconds before resuming
transmission. Transfer speed thus suffers when tabs are present in
the transmitted file unless the remote can be set to echo tabs as
tab characters instead of expanding them to spaces. Throughput is
less than 1/3 of normal because of the echo delay.
Fpute counts each time the correct character is not echoed as an
error.
With n mode, fpute transmits only a linefeed at the end of each
line. With r mode, fpute transmits only a carriage return at the
end of each line. Most applications would use one of these modes.
CPMEOF (Ctrl-Z) terminates the file transmission unless b mode is
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set.
Because fpute waits for the correct echo to each character sent,
fpute should be used for transmitting characters to programs that
echo exactly.
Often it is easy to write a simple receive routine to synchronize
with the sender by echoing each character received. On some
microcomputer systems, the device "TTY:" does just that. Fpute is
especially useful for "spoon feeding" files to the serial inputs of
microcomputers and minicomputers.
SEE ALSO: f command
get filespec Instructs a remote Kermit server to the transmit the
specified file(s), then receives them. The form of filespec varies
with the remote system; it must be quoted if it contains any special
characters or spaces. The get command only operates with a Kermit
server; use kermit rb to receive files from a regular Kermit
program.
goback label Search the current script file for label: and execute
commands starting at that line. The goback command begins the
search at the beginning of the file. It is faster than the goto
command which begins the search at the current line.
SEE ALSO: goto command
gosub name[.path] Call a script as a subroutine. The phone directory
is searched for name unless another file is specified with .path.
Gosub has the same action as the call command (q.v.), but does not
reset modes, disconnect the modem, or modify the remote parameter.
EXAMPLE: gosub dosig Executes the dosig entry in the telephone
directory.
EXAMPLE: gosub .%lib/baud.t Executes the commands in c:/yam/baud.t
assuming the lib string parameter contains c:/yam.
SEE ALSO: call command
goto label Search the current script file for label: and execute
commands starting at that line. A label is a line with the label
starting in the first column followed by a colon. Iff label
precedes the current script line, the goback command will locate the
target label more quickly. The goto command is valid only within a
script or telephone directory entry. Please refer to Chapter 99 for
examples using the pattern, if, goto, and source commands.
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